Operation Twist — maturity manipulation
The Fed announced Operation Twist on September 21, 2011 — a plan to sell $400 billion in short-term Treasuries and buy an equivalent amount of long-term Treasuries, 'twisting' the yield curve flatter without expanding the balance sheet. The technique was named after a similar 1961 operation. Its goal was to push long-term interest rates down specifically, to support mortgage lending and investment. Operation Twist demonstrated that central banks could manipulate the shape of the yield curve as well as its level — a finer-grained debasement tool than simple rate cuts.
Operation Twist was balance-sheet-neutral in the narrow sense — total holdings didn't change — but it relieved pressure on long-term yields during a period when the Fed had committed to keeping short-term rates near zero. The combination amounted to a 'stealth' lowering of long rates without needing more QE headlines.
07 · Stealth Printing
In November 2008, the Federal Reserve launched Quantitative Easing — the purchase of long-dated Treasury and mortgage securities with newly-created reserves. It was, mechanically, money-printing. Politically, it was called 'unconventional monetary policy.' The innovation was not the printing; central banks had been doing that for three centuries. The innovation was that the printing became invisible to most people — the new money entered the financial system through bond purchases rather than fiscal deficits, and its effects showed up in asset prices rather than in consumer goods. Alongside QE, central banks have developed a toolkit of yield-curve control, reverse repo operations, currency swap lines, and measurement adjustments to the inflation indices themselves. The era's thesis: debasement still happens; it's just harder to see.
Read the full era →- Nov 25, 2008Federal Reserve launches QE1
- Apr 4, 2013Bank of Japan launches QQE
- Jan 29, 2016BOJ introduces Yield Curve Control
- Mar 23, 2020Fed announces 'unlimited' QE for COVID
- 1996 — 2023CPI hedonic adjustments and substitution
- 2018 — presentTurkish lira collapse — rate cuts into inflation
- Sep 23 — Oct 14, 2022UK gilt market crisis
- 2023 — 2025Central Bank Digital Currency pilots